1. Fat and its quaternary ammonium oxides Ore ore and silicate minerals are more hydrophilic than sulfide minerals. In the flotation process, they require strong hydrophobic collectors , fatty acid sodium soaps and sulfonates. It belongs to anionic collectors; aliphatic amines and their quaternary ammonium salts are cationic collectors. Both of them have the same hydrophobic long carbon chain structure, which are all surfactants.
CH 3 (CH 2 ) 10 —COO - ,Na + CH 3 (CH 2 ) 11 —SO 3 + ,Na +
(sodium laurate) (sodium dodecyl sulfate)
CH 3 (CH 2 ) 11 —NH 3 + , CI -
(Laurylamine hydrochloride)
Long carbon chain fats are insoluble in water, and when reacted with inorganic acids or acetic acid, they become water-soluble corresponding salts. The primary fatty amine is a strong alkaline substance, and the alkaline salt of the ammonium salt is stronger. Their physicochemical properties are shown in Table 1. The trade names for different types of amines and quaternary ammonium collectors are listed in Table 2.

Table 1 Physicochemical properties of fatty amines and their quaternary ammonium salts (R-NH 2 )

Pharmacy name
Number of carbon atoms
Freezing point
Acetate, °C
Critical micelle concentration
(CMC),mol
Laurylamine
Myristylamine
Soft lipid amine
Stearylamine
12
14
16
18
68.5~69.5
74.5~76.5
80.0~81.5
84.0~85.0
(hydrochloride) 9.38 × 10 -2
2.8 × 10-3
8.0 × 10 -4
3.0 × 10 -4

Table 2 Different types of amines and quaternary ammonium type collectors (commodities)

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   Second, white drug derivatives and amphoteric collectors
    The white drug derivatives and the amphoteric collector are listed in Table 3.

Table 3 White drug derivatives and amphoteric collectors

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