What are the yield point, yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation of metal materials?
The first thing you need to know is that the above properties are all measured using a metal tensile machine.
Steel is an indispensable material in our lives. How much do you know about the mechanical properties of steel? What is the yield point and what is the yield strength? Here's a description of the relevant knowledge:
1. Steel yield point (s)
When a steel or specimen is tested using a material tensile strength tester, when the stress exceeds the elastic limit, even if the stress no longer increases, and the steel or specimen continues to undergo significant plastic deformation, the phenomenon is called yield, and yield occurs. The minimum stress at the phenomenon is the yield point.
Let Ps be the external force at the yield point s, Fo be the sample cross-sectional area, then the yield point s = Ps/Fo (MPa), MPa is called megapascal equals N (Newtons)/mm2, (MPa = 106 Pa, Pa: Pascal =N/m2).
2. Steel Yield Strength (0.2)
The yield point of some metallic materials is extremely inconspicuous. (The testing of such materials requires the addition of an auxiliary fitting "metal extensometer"), which has difficulty in measurement. Therefore, in order to measure the yield characteristics of a material, it is stipulated that a permanent residual plastic deformation equals a certain value ( The stress at 0.2% of the original length is called the conditional yield strength or simply the yield strength 0.2.
3. Steel tensile strength (b)
The maximum stress value reached by the material during the tensile test using a yield strength tensile machine. It represents the strength of the steel against fracture and the tensile strength, and also the compressive strength. Let Pb be the maximum tensile force achieved before the material is broken, and Fo is the cross-sectional area of ​​the sample, then the tensile strength b = Pb/Fo (MPa).
4. Steel elongation (s)
After the material is broken, the percentage of its plastic elongation length to the length of the original sample is called elongation or elongation.
5. Steel yield ratio (s/b)
The ratio of yield point (yield strength) and tensile strength of steel is called the ratio of yield strength to yield strength, the higher the reliability of structural parts, the general yield ratio of carbon steel is 0.6-0.65, low alloy structural steel 0.64-0.75 alloy structural steel 0.84-0.86.
6. Steel hardness
Hardness means that the material resists the ability of a hard object to press into the surface. It is one of the important performance indicators of metal materials. The higher the hardness, the better the wear resistance. Commonly used hardness indicators are Rockwell hardness and Rockwell hardness.
The above mechanical properties can be analyzed and measured using a material tensile tester and a hardness tester.
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