After China's accession to the WTO, the entry threshold for foreign investment is greatly reduced no matter whether it is imported or exported to China. This is also true for auto parts. “Not long ago, BMW invited more than a dozen of its first-tier suppliers to visit its factories in China and tried to persuade them to come in.†When an insider revealed the news, it looked mixed. If the first-tier supplier system quickly gathers in China, it will be difficult for the domestic auto parts manufacturers that were originally scattered and small to win high-end control in the market.
The supplier system is clearly structured
In fact, as early as the 1990s, international suppliers entered the Chinese market through joint ventures with domestic large vehicle manufacturers. Among them, Delphi and SAIC established Delphi Pike Electrical Systems Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Delphi Automotive Air Conditioning Co., Ltd. System Co., Ltd., Bosch and SAIC set up a joint venture to establish Shanghai ZF Steering Gear Co., Ltd. and United Automotive Electronics Co., Ltd., Visteon established a joint venture with SAIC and FAW to establish Yanfeng Visteon Automotive Trim Systems Co., Ltd. and FAW Ford United Aluminum Products Radiator. Co., Ltd., Denso is cooperating with Tianqi to establish Tianjin Denso Electronics Co., Ltd. This will undoubtedly help it join the domestic vehicle manufacturer supply system. These foreign suppliers rely on their significant advantages in scale, R&D, module integration, etc., and have made great achievements after entering China, and have achieved considerable results.
The automobile parts supplier system is a distinct “pyramidâ€. An entire vehicle manufacturer directly faces more than a dozen first-tier suppliers. These first-tier suppliers are subcontracted at the next level, with secondary and tertiary supply. Business cooperation. There is often a complex equity relationship between the vehicle manufacturer and its tier one supplier, and some suppliers are originally independent from the vehicle manufacturer.
At present, the global auto parts supply system mainly includes the European system of auto giants such as Daimler-Chrysler and BMW, the North American system with Detroit as the center, and the Japan-Korea system in Asia. In these foreign systems, the first-tier suppliers and second-tier suppliers of automotive parts and components are closely linked, highly integrated, and have strong research and development capabilities, and they are also very cooperative with the entire vehicle industry, which makes the vehicle manufacturers Has the ability to continuously introduce new products at a faster rate to respond to the sluggish and increasingly narrow world auto market.
There is no real Tier 1 supplier in China
“The transfer of global manufacturing from east to west is slower than expected.†Chen Rongxiang, managing director of BearingPoint Consulting, said that although China’s auto market is currently the world’s fastest growing market, China’s total sales of automobiles are expected to reach 2010. The volume will reach 23.2 million vehicles, becoming the third largest auto market in the world after North America and Europe, but the manufacturing industry has not entered China with a complete system. At present, the domestic parts and components industry is poorly integrated and there is no clear three-level component supply system. Many small-scale Tier 1 and Tier 2 suppliers often provide similar spare parts to vehicle manufacturers, basically. There is no real Tier 1 supplier.
In the past ten years, China has formed a certain degree of parts supply system. Parts suppliers gather in the surrounding areas of major vehicle manufacturers. Among them, the Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong and Northeast China are the most important regions, and Shanghai’s The overall technological development capability of parts and components is at the leading level in China, and some have reached the international level. In 2003, among the various new models launched by Shanghai Volkswagen and Shanghai GM, Shanghai Automotive Parts and Accessories Co., Ltd. provided a combination of headlights, driveshafts, ABS brake systems, interior series, steering engines, and air-conditioning systems. The batch of spare parts assemblies are high-tech localized products. Shanghai auto parts products also provide support for major domestic and foreign automobile companies. Many parts and components products have even entered the OEM support circle for auto giants such as GM and Ford. However, it should be noted that the current domestic spare parts supply system is facing the dilemma of unbalanced development. Good companies can break into the market, focus on their own strengths to enter the market, and have a certain research and development capabilities, and the current market The majority of them are still failing enterprises. There are many reasons for this. First, although China's spare parts industry is geared to localization strategies for cars, and even if vehicle manufacturers start global purchasing, they are still facing localization pressure, but the domestic market has not yet formed a game. The rules have not been well integrated, so almost all parts manufacturers have worked very hard. The second is that the core technology is still in the hands of others, and some components that require high technical content cannot be achieved domestically, especially the key components and core components involved in energy conservation, efficiency improvement, environmental protection, safety, and system control. . For example, as the Santana that has the highest degree of localization, the localization rate is only 93%, and some core parts still have to rely on imports. In addition, due to the low production efficiency and the small scale of production, domestically produced parts and components are generally 20%~30% higher than foreign prices, and lack of international competitiveness is also one of the reasons.
In China, cars also face enormous market pressure. Over the past few years, the consumption structure of the Chinese auto market has undergone significant changes, the proportion of individual consumers has continued to rise, and the demand has become increasingly diversified and individualized. The competition among car manufacturers has also shifted from expanding production capacity to satisfying market diversification. With personalized needs, new models will be introduced to the market faster and more frequently. The demand for price reductions and product upgrades that are subject to competitive pressures has prompted vehicle manufacturers to place higher demands on parts suppliers, and they urgently need strong support from quality supplier systems. BMW's invitation to its partners is a strong signal.
On the one hand, the quality supplier system is indeed a requirement to enhance the competitiveness of the auto industry. On the other hand, once the international auto giants such as BMW and Mercedes bring their own tier one suppliers to China, the domestic high-end market will be occupied by them. The initiative for industrial integration will fall into their hands. In this dilemma, accelerating the development of domestic Tier 1 suppliers has become an urgent requirement.
Breakthrough "Tacks" - Six Measures
Domestic parts and components manufacturers must have a place in the competition with international manufacturers.
Chen Rongxiang said that first of all, he must be familiar with the rules of the game at the international level and understand the supply and procurement system of the international giants. Generally large manufacturers have more than ten or twenty systems to collaborate with, and they are more willing to cooperate with the system than individual ones. Manufacturers. In addition, the international requirements for parts suppliers are very strict. In summary, there are five points: The supply must be on time, Toyota proposed the JIT (JustInTime) principle, mainly based on the requirements of the entire vehicle manufacturer for zero inventory. It also makes Toyota a leader in cost control in the industry; prices need to be integrated, that is, through the strengthening of corporate management, reduction of materials, energy consumption, reasonable logistics, improvement of production processes, reduction of labor intensity and other means, to reduce production costs and make parts and components The price is in line with international standards; to achieve zero defects in spare parts, we must continue to consolidate the achievements of the international quality system certification, do a good job in the process control of parts and components; hardware and software should be standardized (neutralized), that is, production of spare parts to be in the world Can be universal; to all-weather services, domestic manufacturers should give full play to geographical advantages, compared with foreign manufacturers. The status quo is that only 10% of the spare parts used in the after-sales service in China are produced, while the average localization level in foreign countries is 43%.
Secondly, to increase the scale of domestic parts manufacturers, economies of scale can effectively reduce costs. SAIC Yanfeng is a good example of economies of scale. It exported millions of car seats to the United States last year, earning US$80 million.
Third, it is possible to use a third party to build a common platform. For example, the industry federation can find one or two powerful parts manufacturers' construction platforms. Other manufacturers pay for rent, but the combination of domestic and financial support is currently lagging behind. Complexity is a major obstacle.
Fourth, component manufacturers should find ways to actively look for the downstream, and commit themselves to their advantageous projects to open up the market. SAIC Group will display its cutting-edge products in Detroit, the world’s largest auto city, and thus attract international manufacturers’ unanimous praise and praise. A good precedent.
Fifth, the government should actively integrate the industry through policy support and other administrative means. For example, Shanghai can form the leading center around Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and then drive the development of the surrounding areas.
Sixth, spare parts manufacturers should correct their position, do not expect to seek development in all areas, but in certain areas of their own strengths and strive to become bigger and stronger. In addition, speeding up the pace of localization, increasing development efforts, and striving to open up the market are some effective measures. In terms of marketing, domestic senior marketing personnel can be invited to guide the promotion of products at the initial stage. At the same time, talent localization is also an important part of marketing. Now SAIC’s Chinese management is highly respected in both GM and the general public. The reason for reuse is also here.
Shanghai parts industry is optimistic
In September 2001, as an important part of the Shanghai International Automobile City, the Shanghai International Automobile City Parts Support Industrial Park was formally established in Anting Town. After more than two years and a few hundred million yuan investment, the park has fully completed the function development and The construction of infrastructure has attracted suppliers from all over the world through relevant preferential policies. At the investment conference held in June this year, 22 major projects were successfully signed, and the total investment reached 7.05 billion yuan. Among them, the contracted foreign investment was USD 320 million. So far, 183 companies and projects of various types have been stationed in the park. Around Volkswagen and GM, spare parts suppliers are increasingly competing in Shanghai.
As a flag of the Shanghai automobile industry, SAIC Motors has been attaching great importance to the spare parts from the very beginning, making it very strong in the development process. Recently, it has launched a new brand through the acquisition of South Korea Ssangyong. It is believed that SAIC will be more in two or three years. The opportunity to further launch its own brand. Therefore, it is likely to become the best first-tier parts and vehicle manufacturers in China. In the revitalization of national industries, SAIC has both strength and responsibility. In fact, apart from Shanghai, Changchun’s spare parts supply systems around Volkswagen, Jetta and other OEMs are gradually developing and expanding. The regional supporting systems in Northeast and Guangdong are also full of opportunities, so how to rapidly grow in the auto parts market? The rapid development of internationalization and integration into the global procurement system of vehicle manufacturers has undoubtedly become a key link in the search for development.
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