Dehydration is the process of removing moisture from a solid material containing moisture. In the beneficiation process, most of the mineral processing products contain a large amount of water. For example, the concentrate of the flotation plant contains about 4 to 5 times the water content of the solid. The concentrate obtained by the re-election plant and the magnetic separation plant also has a large amount of water. Therefore, the concentrate product must be dehydrated, otherwise it is fine. Transportation of the mine is very difficult and it is necessary to increase transportation costs. In cold regions, ice deposits can occur in the storage and transportation of concentrates containing large amounts of water. Concentrate dewatering is also very necessary for smelting concentrate water containing large smelting not only increase energy consumption, and also reduce the utilization factor metallurgical furnace. In addition, in order to strengthen environmental protection, or in areas where water is scarce, in order to reduce fresh water consumption, demineralization of mineral processing products is also required.
The tailings water volume is often above 70%, and the tailings are generally dehydrated before entering the tailings pond. It can be seen that dewatering operations are an indispensable part of mineral processing. The main methods of dehydration are as follows:
(1) Mechanical dewatering It is a method in which moisture and solids are separated by mechanical force (gravity, pressure, centrifugal force), such as precipitation concentration and filtration. The main application of dewatering in mineral processing is this type of method.
(2) Thermal energy dehydration It uses heat to vaporize water to achieve separation of moisture and solids. This is the case, for example, by drying the material with a rotary kiln dryer.
(3) physicochemical method dehydration It is the application of water-absorbing chemicals, such as quicklime, anhydrous calcium chloride, etc. to absorb the moisture of the material.
In the beneficiation process, the dewatering of the coarse-grained material is relatively simple, and the gravity can be used to naturally remove the moisture in the material, and remove most of the moisture. For the dewatering of fine-grained materials, it is more complicated. For example, the concentrate of the flotation plant is generally fine. The dewatering is usually divided into two steps: the first step of sedimentation and concentration, the common sedimentation tank or the thickener, etc. The very thin pulp is concentrated to a slurry with a water content of 30% to 50%; in the second step, the filter is used to make the water content of the concentrate product reach 8% to 16%. Depending on the specific situation, especially for the concentrate water requirements or in the cold season in the north, sometimes the third step of drying, the material is dried with a dryer, the material moisture can be reduced to below 6%. However, it must be pointed out that the cost of drying and dewatering is high and the loss of concentrate is also large. Therefore, the current two-stage dewatering process is concentrated and filtered in the concentrator.
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