Aluminum electrolysis production technology (4)

The anode structure of the upper self-baked anode electrolytic cell is composed of a carbon anode, an anode rod vertically inserted into the anode from the upper portion, an anode frame, a gas collecting cover, a burner and an anode main auxiliary lifting mechanism. The spiral jack of the anode main lifting mechanism is installed on the beam of the concrete pillar at both ends of the groove, and the screw jack of the anode auxiliary lifting mechanism is fixed on the horizontal anode bus. The lifting of the anode and the frame sleeve are respectively performed by the main and auxiliary lifting mechanisms, and the two can also move relative to each other. The horizontal anode aluminum busbar and the I-beam are the load-bearing main beams of the electrolytic cell, and the function of the anode rod is not only conductive but also carries the quality of the anode.
The prebaked anode aluminum electrolytic cell has two kinds of edges and intermediate feeding. As can be seen from Figure 4 and Figure 5 above, the difference is that the latter is equipped with a bin and a full set of shelling (alumina and fluoride) devices above the intermediate slits of the two columns of prebaked anode blocks. The remaining anode structures of the two prebake cells are substantially the same. It consists of anode girders (horizontal anode aluminum busbars), anode lifting devices, prebaked anode block groups and other auxiliary parts (such as anode fixtures, groove covers, etc.). The anode block, aluminum, steel guide rod and the pawl phosphorus pig iron by casting integrally coupling them. The anode block is gradually consumed during the electrolysis process, and the new anode block is replaced with an unusable residue by a certain period. The residual carbon is partially crushed and then crushed, and then returned to the anode factory to make a new anode.
â‘¡ Several types of cathode structure of electrolytic cell cathode structure is basically the same, means a lower build part of the electrolytic cell pot shell and the metal shell of the cathodic structure groove. The shell is divided into two types, bottomless and bottomed. Therefore, the aluminum electrolytic cell has a bottomless groove and a bottomed groove. The bottomless groove is usually fixed on the concrete foundation by anchor bolts, and the bottomed grooved casing is usually divided into an arm support type, a frame type and a cradle type. Three, the purpose is to make the cathode shell steel structure have sufficient strength.
The cathode structure of the aluminum electrolytic cell is usually composed of a groove foundation, a steel groove shell, a tank inner lining heat insulation and insulation material, a tank lining carbon material (side carbon block, cathode carbon block group, etc.), a cathode bus bar and the like. [next]
3. Development of aluminum industry technology at home and abroad (1) Distribution of aluminum electrolytic cell trough type Industrial aluminum electrolysis cell is divided into self-baked anode aluminum electrolysis cell and prebaked anode aluminum electrolysis cell. The self-baked anode aluminum electrolytic cell is further divided into an upper insert type self-baking tank and a side insert type self-baking tank.
Hall-Elu aluminum electrolysis process has experienced the development of pre-baked-self-baked pre-baked trough for more than 100 years. Especially in the past 50 years, with the continuous advancement of the world aluminum industry technology, aluminum electrolysis cell From the backward 50-60kA side inserting self-baked anode electrolyzers to the ultra-large capacity prebaked anode electrolyzers with advanced technology. The adoption of large-point, pre-baked anode electrolyzers with high efficiency, high efficiency, high degree of automation and good environmental protection has greatly promoted the rapid development of the world's primary aluminum industry. Table 7 lists the technologies used in the 1996 global electrolytic aluminum plant.

(2) Technological development of electrolytic aluminum industry The world's electrolytic aluminum industry technology has developed from 50-60kA self-baking tank to advanced large-capacity pre-baked tank from 1948 to 1998, achieving the technical level and economic benefits achieved. The main points are as follows:
a. The capacity of the electrolytic cell is increased from 50-60kA through 40 years to 300-325kA;
b. The current efficiency is increased from 85% to about 95%;
c. DC power consumption is reduced from 18500-19000kW.h per ton of aluminum to 12900-14000kW.h;
d. The aluminum production per unit area of ​​the electrolytic cell is increased by 5-10 times;
e. The life of the tank has been increased from 600 days 50 years ago to 2500-3000 days;
f. Due to the above technological advances, the absolute cost per ton of aluminum has been reduced by $400 over the past 50 years.
The internationally high-efficiency large-scale modern pre-baked anode aluminum electrolysis cell series has reached the following indicators:
Cell capacity 180-300kA
Current efficiency ≥94.5%
The amount of primary aluminum produced per day in a single tank ≥1361kg
DC power consumption (13300±200) kW.h/t Al
Anode net consumption 400kg/t Al
Anode effect coefficient ≤ 0.2 times / (slot old)
Cathode drop 0.350 V
Tank life 3000 days Fluoride emissions 0.5-1.0kg/t AI
China's aluminum electrolysis technology level has been greatly improved since the 1980s. While learning advanced foreign technology, China has developed and applied 160kA, 180kA, 200kA series electrolyzer complete sets of technology and equipment, and developed a large scale. With the capacity of 280kA and 320kA industrial test aluminum electrolyzer technology, various technical and economic indicators are moving towards the world advanced level.
The technical and economic indicators of China's mature and advanced large-scale pre-baked aluminum electrolysis cells are as follows: [next]
Cell capacity 186-200kA
Current efficiency >93%
Single-row daily aluminum production >1392kg
DC power consumption (13450±100) kW.h/t AI
Anode net consumption 430-450kg/t Al
Anode effect coefficient 0.3 times / (groove · day)
Tank life 1500-1800 days Fluoride emissions <1.0kg/t Al
4. Environmental Protection of Aluminum Electrolysis Production (1) Environmental Impact of Electrolytic Aluminum Production of Harmful Flue Gas In recent years, the harmful fumes and soots escaping from the production process of Hall-Elu aluminum electrolysis have been given to the world. And the serious pollution caused by the surrounding environment is getting more and more attention. The harmful flue gas produced in the electrolytic aluminum production process is mainly CO ₂ , and gas-solid fluoride mainly composed of HF gas (including CF ₄ and C ₂ F ₆ discharged when the anode effect occurs), PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) , SO _2, etc. Recently, the latest perspectives on the environmental pollution and treatment technologies of modern aluminum electrolysis cells point to the environmental impact of these harmful fumes.

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