(1) Geological overview. Yimen copper ore was warmed genus disseminated deposits. The main ore bodies of the three factories are located in black argillaceous dolomite and grayish white and purple dolomite, which are produced in a layered form. The length of the ore body is 600-900 m along the strike, the inclination angle of the ore body is 70°, and the horizontal thickness of the ore body is 5-50 m, with an average of 20 m. Due to the influence of geological structure before and after mineralization, the faults are criss-crossed, and the joints of the ore are developed and loosely broken. The ore-bearing rocks are black argillaceous dolomite and gray-white dolomite, with a weight of 2.69t/m 3 and f=4-6, which are not stable. The rock on the plate is blue-gray dolomite, f=6～8, medium stable. The rock under the plate is purple muddy dolomite and slate interbed, f=4~6, not stable. The boundary between the ore body and the surrounding rock is not obvious, and the rock in the upper and lower plates are mineralized. The ore is non-cohesive and pyrophoric.
(2) The structural parameters of the ore block and the mining cut. The stage height is 50m. At each stage level, a vein transport lane is arranged in the upper and lower rock of the ore body. The vertical ore body is separated by a distance of 60-80 m to tunnel a tunnel to form a circular transport system. The lower plate along the vein transport doubles as the return air duct in the next stage, so it should be placed in the more stable rock formation outside the collapse line at the next stage of mining, to avoid damage.
The quasi-patio and the contact roadway are arranged in a unified manner according to the divided mining areas. Generally, along the direction of the ore body, it is divided into three mining areas to implement multi-wing mining. The mining work is based on the area occupied by the two electric roadways as a single ore block. In the sub-section (or stage) bottom column, the mining ore funnel, the bucket-piercing, the electric roadway and the ore-draining well are excavated to form the ore roadway system of the ore ore. The electric roadway is generally arranged in the vertical direction of the ore body, and the length is equal to the horizontal thickness of the ore body. When the thickness of the ore body is less than 15m, it is arranged along the strike and the length is 30~40m. The structural parameters of the ore block: the section height is 25m, the height of the stage bottom column is 13m, the height of the section bottom column is 5m, the distance of the electric roadway is 10m, the funnel is arranged symmetrically, the spacing is 5m, and the electric roadway is supported by dense wooden shed. The bucket is also supported by two wooden sheds, but one wooden shed should be 10-15 cm higher than the one outside. In order to ensure the stability of the peach-shaped pillar at the top of the electric roadway, the dense well frame wood is used to support the 2.0m high neck, and the shallow hole leakage and deep hole bottoming method are adopted.
(3) Recovery. The mining scheme is divided according to the mining mode. The vertical deep hole lateral extrusion blasting scheme, the beam deep hole mining scheme and the horizontal deep hole mining scheme have been used. The vertical deep hole lateral extrusion blasting scheme was used more in the early 1970s and has been discontinued since 1974. The main reason is that the scheme has poor adaptability to the change of ore body thickness. The horizontal deep hole mining plan has great damage to the stability of the bottom column due to deep hole blasting. The height difference of the deep hole rock drilling chamber in each layer is small, and the ore rock must be medium stable and above, and the three factories are divided. The ore of the mine is broken and unstable, so it has not been promoted. Since 1974, the beam-shaped deep hole mining plan has been used. As shown in Figure 1. Deep hole is drilled with YQ-100 type DTH drilling rig, the hole diameter is 105~110mm, the minimum resistance line is 3.0~3.5m, the deep hole density coefficient is 1.0～1.2, the deep hole inclination angle is 3°～45°, and the hole depth is 15～20m. Use artificial combination guns to blast. The deep hole and deep hole bottoming and shallow hole expansion are all blasted in the same sub-section. The compensation ratio at the time of blasting is 18%. Before the blasting, the electric roadway must be temporarily supported and strengthened, as shown in Figure 2. [next]



Fig.1 Beam-shaped deep hole falling mine with bottom column section caving mining method
1-The upper plate transports the roadway along the vein; 2-passages the roadway; 3-the lower plate transports the roadway along the vein;
4-Upper communication roadway; 5-Pedestrian, material well; 6-mineralization well;
7-Upper stage down the road to transport the roadway; 8-rock drilling chamber ventilator;
9- return air patio; 10-down plate contact roadway; 11-electric roadway;
12-bucketing; 13-deep hole patio; 14-deep hole chamber; 15-deep hole



Figure 2 Emergency support method for electric roadway

Ore with 28 ~ 30kw scraper winch, scraper bucket capacity of 0.15 ~ 0.3m 3. According to the plane ore mining plan, the same amount of uniform ore is carried out, which is divided into three stages, namely loosening and releasing stage, pure ore recovery stage and finishing stage. [next]
The main technical and economic indicators are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Main technical and economic indicators for the application of sublevel caving method in China
Mine name
Mining ratio (m/kt)
Ore production capacity (t/d)
Rock drilling efficiency
Mining efficiency
equipment
Taiwan effect (meter / Taiwan class)
equipment
Taiwan effect (meter / Taiwan class)
Pine foot tin mine
169~250
01-45
YG-40
28
Kw eDonkey
56~100
30
Yinmin Copper Mine
22.90
160~200
01-38
7.4
28kw eDonkey
Black iron ore ravine
19.8
150~180
YGZ-90
18
30kw eDonkey
50~60
Gold River Ridge Mountain sub-ore mine loyalty
15~18
250~350
YG-80
35
28kw eDonkey
80~120
Mare brain iron ore
15~17
165
twenty four
30
Kw eDonkey
60~100
28
Jinping Phosphorus Mine
17
200~250
14
17
Kw eDonkey
67~110
28
Mazhuang Iron Mine
22.5~36.7
200~350
30kw eDonkey
70~90
Chaihe lead zinc ore
31
200~240
15~20
28
Kw eDonkey
100~150
55
Yimen Copper Mine, three factories, mines
25.50
238
12~15
28
Kw eDonkey
119
30
Hujiatun Copper Mine
16.4
283
91
Zizigou Copper Mine
14
246
20
30kw eDonkey
82
Qingchengzi lead mine
15.9
180
10~15
14kw eDonkey
60~80
Jinshandian Iron Mine
10.2
124.7
13.7
7.0
55kw eDonkey
93.5
Unfinished, see continued table 1 [next]
Continued Table 1
Mine name
Mining worker labor productivity (ton / shift)
Loss rate (%)
Depletion rate (%)
Main material consumption
cost
Remarks
Cement (kg/t)
Wood (m 3 /kt)
Explosives (kg/t)
direct
(Yuan / ton)
Raw ore
(Yuan / ton)
Pine tree tin mine
7.4
22.19
22.96
1.6
0.56
25.03
1982 data
Yinmin Copper Mine
16.57
15
33.3
0.564
13.36
1975 data
Heishangou Iron Mine
6.0
32.51
19.6
0.46~0.55
11.70
32.67
Jinjialing Mine Yuejiashan Mine
12~15
20~25
15~18
1.94
1.4
9.74
23.8
1987 data
Mare brain iron ore
11.36
26.79
17.35
1.2
0.485
21.40
Ibid.
Jinping Phosphate Mine
20.02
22.5
1.8
0.46
3.33
11.12
Mazhuang Iron Mine
6.85
25~30
8~9
1.75~3.14
0.232~0.53
18.06
Chaihe lead-zinc mine
1.5~2.0
20~30
0.7~2.1
0.243~0.308
14.6~
16.7
Yimen Copper Mine, three factories, mines
92
11.3
27.25
0.00115
10.74
0.32~0.37
21.48
1
Hujiatun Copper Mine
27.12
10.34
23.07
3.15
0.23
0.479
17.77
1982 data
Zizigou Copper Mine
32.9
17.9
35.6
2.955
0.45
0.613
15.29
Ibid.
Qingchengzi lead mine
14
10
4.56
0.32
0.28
Jinshandian Iron Mine
30.26
8.69
5.58
0.58
0.375
0.26
1978 data
[next]
(4) The experience of intensive mining is carried out by applying the sub-column sublevel caving method. The mine implements the mining block as the mining unit, and strengthens the excavation, mining and mining work. The experience of the “three strong” is as follows:
1) Production organization: centralized operation; preparation of network plan, arrangement of parallel intersection and continuous operation; implementation of comprehensive work area in labor organization, production of ore from the end of mining to the end of mining.
2) Production management: Adjust the retention period of the third-grade ore, reduce the mining amount to 3.5 to 4.0 months, and reduce the reserve amount to 1.0 to 1.5 months. The role of storage minerals as a link to production is not classified as a third-grade ore, and its retention period is 2 to 3 months; technical management is strengthened, service is provided to the team; mining management is guaranteed to ensure strong production; Supply, meet production requirements in a timely manner.
3) Process technology: exploration and mining, to drill and find the pit. In order to obtain more accurate geological data, in the past, the method of high-precision reserves was proposed by using the encrypted pit network. However, the prospecting project was premature and too dense, which caused the ground pressure to increase, the roadway collapsed, and the ore body was destroyed. Mining is not good. Later, it was changed to the combination of production prospecting and development, mining and cutting, and the combination of pit exploration and drilling, gradually encrypting prospecting, and presenting prospecting data in stages and designing in stages. In this way, most of the prospecting roadways (about 70-80%) are used by mining, which reduces the mining ratio and saves costs.
Multi-wing mining, partition ventilation. In the past, the segmentation of the mining was carried out by the two wings to the center. In order to meet the production requirements, the mining work must be carried out at least on three segments. After the promotion of the "three strong", it was changed to multi-wing mining, that is, in a section of 600-900 m long, divided into three mining areas, each mining area was advanced from the center to the two wings to form a multi-wing recovery sequence. As shown in Figure 3. In this way, as long as one section is used for recovery, the production requirements can be met, the speed of stage mining is greatly improved, the maintenance time of the roadway is reduced, and the operation line is shortened for centralized management.



Figure 3 Schematic diagram of multi-wing recovery sequence
1- mining minerals; 2 - preparation of mining volume; 3 - storage of minerals [next]

In order to adapt to multi-wing mining, the original diagonal ventilation system was changed to a district parallel ventilation system that directly injected fresh airflow into the electric roadway.
Improve the transportation system. In order to meet the requirements of the mining strength of the ore and improve the transportation capacity of the stage, the original end-of-the-line transportation system was changed to a circular transportation system.
Improve the layout of the mining quantity. Taking full advantage of the fact that the rock on the upper plate is more stable than the rock in the lower plate, the mining project originally arranged in the rock below the plate can be changed to the upper plate, which can reduce the maintenance amount of the well and the lane engineering, and avoid the shutdown and maintenance, which is beneficial to improve The intensity of the mining, shortening the production cycle.
Improve the mining plan and simplify the process. Take a squeezing blasting scheme that limits space. Reduce the amount of mining engineering, enhance the stability of the ore body, improve the quality of the mining, and improve the mining strength of the ore.

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