In the United States and South Africa, the use of tantalum mining machines is used in the internal amalgamation operation. Some small and medium-sized mines in the former Soviet Union use whip-disc machines, and some refinery concentrates in sand deposits use mercury-mixing cylinders. Ball mill amalgam is used more in Australia and the United States, while rod mills use less mercury.

I. Mercury blending mercury

The boring machine shown in Figure 1 is a crusher with simple structure and convenient operation. The rake mining machine has low working efficiency and small ability to process ore, and the fine gold in the ore is often not uniformly dissociated from the ore due to the uneven particle size and insufficient fineness of the ore, resulting in a low recovery rate of the mixed mercury. Therefore, it is only suitable for the treatment of simple ore containing coarse gold or for small vein gold mines.

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the mining machine

1-臼 slot; 2-hammer head; 3-mast; 4-frame; 5-moving machine; 6-cam; 7-screen; 8-hammer pad

The mercury blending machine is used to add ore, mercury and water to the gutter. The drive mechanism drives the cam to reciprocate the hammer head to achieve crushing and amalgamation. The slurry is discharged through the screen, and after the mercury paste is collected by the mercury-mixing plate, the mercury paste in the slurry, the excess mercury and the non-amalgamated gold particles are collected, the sediment is separated by the chute, and the gold-bearing sulfide concentrate is selected by the shaker. . After the mining machine has been used for a period of time, it needs to be cleaned regularly, and the cleared materials are sorted through a mercury-mixing plate and a shaker to produce a mercury paste and a gold-containing concentrate.

The radon mining machine used in a gold mine in China is divided into two types according to the weight of the hammer head: 225kg and 450kg. Their operation indexes are listed in Table 1. In the operation, the amount of lime is 0.5-1.0kg/t ore; after the first mercury is supplied, the mercury is added once every 15 minutes according to the gold content of the original ore.

Table 1 Operation index of a mine miner

specification

1

1

Hammerhead heavy weight kg

225

450

Feeding grain size ∕mm

<50

<50

Mine size ∕mm

<0.4

<0.4

Processing capacity ∕kg·(台·h) - 1

295

610

For the first time, mercury ∕g·t -1

10

20

Second, the amalgamation tank amalgam

The amalgamation cartridge (Fig. 2) is the most widely used equipment in gold mines to separate gold from gold-containing re-election concentrates. It can be used not only to re-select gold mines such as gold mining vessels, but also to refine concentrates produced by equipment such as pulse gold mine shakers. Its operation is simple, and the recovery rate of gold can reach over 98%.

Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the mercury mixing cylinder

The standard amalgamation cylinder is a rubber-lined steel cylinder with a diameter of 0.9m, a length of 1.2m and a rotational speed of 20r∕min. This kind of amalgamation cylinder has a loading capacity of about 500kg in one operation. The mercury-mixing cylinders of the former Soviet Union are divided into two categories, light and heavy. The technical specifications of the shaped products are listed in Table 2. Light cylinders are often used to treat surface-clean concentrates, which are used to treat concentrates that are heavily contaminated on the surface of gold particles or that are connate with other minerals or gangues.

Table 2 Technical specifications of former Soviet amalgamation cartridge

Mercury tube type

Internal size mm

Volume

Loading capacity

Rotating speed

power

Barrel weight

Ball loading

Steel ball diameter

long

width

∕m 3

∕kg

∕r·min -1

∕kW

∕kg

∕kg

∕mm

Light weight

700

800

0.3

100~150

20~22

0.5 to 0.75

420

10-20

38~50

Heavy

0 to 31

600

800

0.233

100~150

22~38

0.3 to 2.1

1500

150~300

38~50

0 to 36

750

900

0.395

200~300

21~36

1.7~3.75

2000

300~600

38~50

800

1200

0.60

300~450

20～33

3 to 6

2600

500～1000

38~50

Although most of the gold in the re-elected gold ore is in a state of monomer dissociation, the surface of the gold particles is often contaminated to varying degrees, and some gold is in continuous form with other minerals or gangue. Therefore, when re-selecting the concentrate with a mercury-mixing cylinder, steel balls are added to the cylinder to remove the coating on the surface of the gold particles during the amalgamation operation, or to dissociate the gold particles from other minerals or gangue.

The re-election of gold ore in a non-alkaline medium is a mixture of mercury, and sometimes a magnetic amalgam is formed by the incorporation of iron minerals. Therefore, the internal amalgam is mostly carried out in an alkaline medium with lime. The amount of lime used is 22% to 4% of the charge, and the amount of water is generally 30% to 40% of the charge, and the usual grinding concentration can also be used.

The amount of mercury added is usually 9 times the gold content of the concentrate, but it should vary with the grinding particle size. Generally, the coarse particles having a particle size of +0.5 mm are 6 times, the particles at -0.5 to +0.5 mm are 8 times, and the fine particles at -0.15 mm are 10 times. It has been proved by production practice that adding mercury to the raw materials after grinding for a certain period of time can improve the efficiency of mercury mixing and reduce the consumption of mercury.

The amalgamation cartridge is an intermittent operation that involves charging, amalgamation, and discharge. Its mercury mixing time varies with the nature of the raw materials, and is between 1 and 2 hours and between 10 and 12 hours. The amalgamation product is treated with a mercury trap, a suture chute or a mercury amalgam to separate and recover amalgam and heavy minerals.

Third, the ball mill amalgam

In the ball mill, the mercury is mixed in the ball mill. After the mercury is added to the ball mill, the chute is placed at the bottom of the ball mill discharge trough and the chute is placed in the lower part of the classifier overflow to capture the mercury paste. The disadvantage of this method is that the mercury paste is seriously lost, and the gold recovery rate is only 60% to 70%.

The improved ball mill amalgamation process at the Homestead Gold Facility in the United States adds 14 to 17 grams of mercury per ball of ore to the ball mill. After grinding, the mercury paste is captured by a Clark Todo mercury trap attached to the ball mill's discharge end and a mercury-mixed plate attached to the rear of the mercury trap. These equipment can recover about 15g of mercury paste per ton of ore, and the mercury recovery rate of gold is 71.6%. The mercury-mixed tailings are cyanated and 25.4% gold is recovered. The total recovery of gold is 97%.

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